Monday, 6 June 2022
Roleplay
Consonant Clusters
Consonant Clusters:
English permits more than one consonant to release a syllable and more than one consonant to arrest a syllable. Such a sequence of two or more consonants at the beginning or end of a syllable is called Consonant Clusters or Consonant Sequences.
Note: English allows up to three consonants to begin a syllable and up to four consonants to end a syllable.Releasing consonant clusters in English (up to 3)
Two consonants
Play - /pl-/
Bright - /br-/
Train - /tr-/
Glass - /gl-/
Three - /θr-/
Three consonants
Spleen, splendid – /spl-/
Scream, screen – /skr-/
Spring - /spr-/
Arresting consonant clusters – some examples (up to 4)
Two consonants
Clasp – /-sp/
Lamp – /-mp/
Judged – /-dzd/
Robbed – /-bd/
Orange – /-ndz/
Three consonants
Midst – /-dst/
Amongst – /-nst/
Helped – /-lpt/
Drenched – /-ntst/
Adopts – /-pts/
Four consonants
Texts – /-ksts/
Sixths – /-ksθs/
Tempts – /-mpts/
Twelfths - /-ifθs/
CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Some languages like Russian and German have many consonant clusters & consequently speakers of these languages have no difficulty in pronouncing English consonant cluster. On the other hand, many language do not have such clusters, or if they do, they have very few & short ones. Speakers of such languages find it difficult to pronounce some of the English consonant clusters.
Eg :
Hindi / Urdu speakers have difficulty in pronouncing initial consonant clusters
beginning with /s/. They sometimes insert a vowel /l/ before /s/ & pronounce
schoola
ssleep
Following is a list of words with common consonant clusters.
Bl: blank, black, blue, blast, bloom, blink, blast
Fr: fried, French, frank, friend, freak, frozen, frill, fraction, fragment
St: stare, store, stir, stick, stuck, stroke, state, statement, still, stiff, storm, stammer
Cl: cluster, clip, clothes, close, clear, clever, class
Br: Bread, Break, Breakfast, Broom, Brisk, Brain, Bracket, Brush, Brim
Fl: Flag, Flash, Flim, Flask, Floss, Flamingo, Fleet, Flatter, Fluff
Gl: Glass, Gleam, Glitter, Glimpse
Pl: Plush, Plum, Platipus, Plain, Platter, Plaque
Sl: Slate, Slum, Slim.
Cr: Cream, Create.
Dr: Drone, Drum, Drumstick, Dress, Dream, Draft, Dragon
Minimal Pairs
Minimal Pairs:
A minimal pair is two words that vary by only a single sound, usually sounds that may confuse English learners, like the /f/ and /v/ in fan and van, or the /e/ and /I/ in desk and disk.
Minimal pairs are
often used to show how two sounds contrast in a language.
Eg: Hit and hid, chip and cheap.
Sip - Ship
Face - Phase
So - Show
Race - raise
Sake - Shake
sip - zip
Sell - Shell
page - Pays
Said - Shed
rage - Raise
Same - Shame
region - Reason
Seat - Sheet
major - Measure
Self - Shelf
ledger - Leisure
Minimal Pairs related to vowels sounds:
• Minimal pairs /I/ and /i:/ ( sit and seat)
• Minimal pairs /e/ and /I/ (desk and disk)
• Minimal pairs /e/ and /el/ (wet and wait)
• Minimal pairs /æ/ and /Λ/ (bat and but)
• Minimal pairs /∂√/ and /):/ (so and saw)
• Minimal pairs /∂/ and /∂u/ (not and note)
• Minimal pairs /æ/ and /e/ (bad and bed)
• Minimal pairs /a:/ and /3:/ (fast and first)
Minimal Pairs related to consonant sounds
• Minimal pairs /b/ and /V/ (berry and very)
• Minimal pairs /b/ and /p/ (buy and pie)
• Minimal pairs /n/ and /η/ (thin and thing)
• Minimal pairs /l/ and /r/ (alive and arrive)
• Minimal pairs /t∫/ and /t/ (catch and cat)
• Minimal pairs /s/ and /∫/ (sea and she)
• Minimal pairs /t/ and /v/ (fan and van)
• Minimal pairs /f/ and /θ/ (free and three)
• Minimal pairs /s/ and /θ/ (sing and thing)
• Minimal pairs /f/ and /h/ (fat and hat)
• Minimal pairs /ð/ and /z/ (with and whizz)
• Minimal pairs /∂3/ and /z/ (page and pays)
• Minimal pairs /∂/ and /∂3/ (bad and badge)
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